Is Urban Heat Island intensity higher during hot spells and heat waves (Dijon, France, 2014–2019)?

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon is frequently associated with heat waves, both in scientific literature and the media. Health problems other issues often result from co-occurrence of these two phenomena. Previous studies have not yet provided sufficient evidence to validate potential links between UHIs waves. MUSTARDijon network was set up 2014, Dijon, France. Its spatial density (60 sensors) temporal depth (6 summers) provide information about several Hot Spells Waves (HSH conditions are met during HS&HW, but systematically. By contrast, can be fulfilled even without high temperatures. Strong thus develop outside Spell/Heat Wave (HS/HW) events. These HS&HW necessarily phase UHIs: maximum UHI intensity tends occur before onset or first few days HS&HW. decreases because nocturnal urban temperature generally remains stationary, whereas rural increase at night. hypothesis proposed that this night could linked decrease Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa) soil wetness.